The five Zens

Zen master Tsung-mi (780841) in his work, The General Preface to the Collected Writing on the Source of Zen (Chan-yan chu-chan-chi tu-hs), describes five kinds of Zen, the fifth kind of Zen being the highest. The first kind of Zen is hetrodox Zen (hatha yoga, for example). The second Zen is prithagjana or common man Zen. The third Zen is Hinayana Zen. The fourth Zen is Mahayana Zen. And finally the last is supreme Zen. Tsung-mi defines the last Zen this way:

If one's practice is based on having suddenly awakened [to the realization that] one's own mind is from the very beginning pure, that the depravities have never existed, that the nature of the wisdom that is without outflows is from the very beginning complete, that this mind is Buddha, and that they are ultimately identical, then it is dhyana of the Highest Vehicle. This type is also known as pure dhyana of the Tathagata, one-mark samadhi, and Tathagata samadhi. It is the root of all samadhis (ed. Peter N. Gregory, Traditions of Meditation in Chinese Buddhism, p. 108).

I am not going to get into what popular Zen is, but it is not supreme Zen! I am looking at number two Zen.


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